TMJ

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex joints in the body. It connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the temporal bone of the skull, located just in front of the ear. The TMJ is responsible for essential functions such as:

• Chewing and biting
• Speaking clearly
• Swallowing
• Opening and closing the mouth

The TMJ is a hinge joint with sliding capabilities, which means it allows for both up-and-down and side-to-side movements. A small disc of cartilage sits between the bones to cushion movement and prevent wear.

Because of its frequent use and complexity, the TMJ is prone to dysfunction. When the joint, muscles, ligaments, or disc stop working harmoniously, the condition is called temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD).

What Is TMD?

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) refer to a group of conditions that cause pain, dysfunction, or inflammation in the jaw joint and the surrounding muscles. While many people casually use “TMJ” to describe the disorder, the correct medical term is TMD.

TMD can range from mild discomfort to severe, chronic pain that affects daily life. Without proper treatment, it may worsen over time, leading to difficulties with chewing, headaches, or even damage to the teeth.

Common Causes of TMD

TMD does not always have a single, identifiable cause. Often, it results from a combination of factors. Some of the most common contributors include:

Teeth Grinding and Clenching (Bruxism)

Habitual grinding or clenching places excessive pressure on the jaw joint, leading to inflammation and discomfort.

Stress and Tension

Emotional stress often triggers clenching of the jaw or tightening of facial muscles, which can aggravate the TMJ.

Jaw Injuries

Trauma to the face or jaw, such as a fall, accident, or sports injury, may damage the joint or misalign the bite.

Arthritis

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can affect the TMJ, wearing down the protective cartilage and limiting smooth movement.

Bite Misalignment

An improper bite (malocclusion) can strain the TMJ over time, as the jaw works harder to achieve normal function.

Disc Displacement

The cartilage disc inside the joint may slip out of its proper position, causing clicking, popping, or locking.

Signs and Symptoms of TMD

TMD manifests in a variety of ways, and its symptoms may mimic other dental or medical conditions. This often makes diagnosis challenging without a professional evaluation.

Patients with TMD commonly experience:

• Jaw pain or tenderness (especially near the ears)
• Headaches or migraines
• Clicking, popping, or grinding sounds when opening or closing the mouth
• Difficulty chewing or biting
• Limited movement of the jaw or locking open/closed
• Earaches or ringing in the ears (tinnitus) without signs of infection
• Facial pain or soreness around the temples and cheeks
• Neck and shoulder tension related to jaw stress
• Worn, chipped, or cracked teeth caused by bruxism

How TMJ Disorders Affect Quality of Life

Beyond discomfort, TMD can interfere with essential functions such as eating, speaking, and even sleeping. Chronic pain often leads to fatigue, reduced productivity, and emotional distress.

Patients who suffer from TMD sometimes avoid certain foods, social situations, or activities because of their discomfort. At Parkway Dental, we believe no one should have to live with constant jaw pain. Our team is dedicated to finding solutions tailored to each patient’s unique needs.

Diagnosis of TMD at Parkway Dental

Accurate diagnosis is key to effective treatment. During a consultation, Dr. Patton or Dr. Purser will perform a thorough evaluation, which may include:

• Reviewing your medical and dental history
• Asking about symptoms and lifestyle factors (such as stress or teeth grinding)
• Examining your jaw movement and bite alignment
• Palpating (feeling) the jaw muscles and joint for tenderness
• Listening for clicking, popping, or grinding sounds
• Taking digital X-rays or 3D imaging, if needed, to assess joint health

With this comprehensive approach, our dentists can identify the underlying cause of TMD and develop a personalized treatment plan. Contact us to learn more.

TMJ Treatment Options at Parkway Dental

At Parkway Dental in St. George, UT, our dentists focus on conservative, non-invasive treatments whenever possible. In most cases, surgery is not necessary. Instead, we use proven therapies to relieve pain, improve function, and prevent long-term damage.

Here are some of the treatment options we offer:

Custom Nightguards and Oral Appliances

For patients who grind or clench their teeth, a custom-fitted nightguard is one of the most effective solutions. These appliances:

• Cushion the teeth and joints
• Reduce stress on the jaw muscles
• Prevent wear and fractures on teeth
• Promote better alignment during sleep

Unlike over-the-counter mouthguards, custom appliances from Parkway Dental are tailored for comfort and durability.

Bite Adjustment and Restorative Dentistry

If misaligned teeth are contributing to TMD, bite correction may be necessary. This may involve:

• Reshaping certain teeth to allow for a more balanced bite
• Restorative treatments, such as crowns or bridges, are usedto restore proper chewing function
• Orthodontic treatment referrals are needed if significant alignment correction is needed

Stress Management and Lifestyle Adjustments

Because stress often plays a role in jaw tension, we may recommend relaxation techniques, stretching exercises, or referrals for stress management. Patients can also reduce symptoms by:

• Avoiding hard or chewy foods
• Practicing jaw relaxation exercises
• Using warm or cold compresses
• Maintaining good posture to reduce muscle strain

Physical Therapy and Exercises

Gentle exercises can help strengthen and relax the jaw muscles. Physical therapy may include:

• Jaw stretching and mobility exercises
• Massage of facial muscles
• Ultrasound therapy or other modalities (when referred to a specialist)

Medications (When Necessary)

For some patients, medications may help manage inflammation or muscle tension. These may include:

• Over-the-counter pain relievers or anti-inflammatory drugs
• Muscle relaxants (prescribed in specific cases)
• Medications for underlying conditions such as arthritis

Advanced Therapies

In severe or persistent cases, advanced treatments may be considered, such as:

• Injections (such as corticosteroids or Botox®) to relax muscles and relieve pain
• Surgical options (rarely needed, but may be referred for joint repair in extreme cases)

At Parkway Dental, we prioritize conservative treatments first, referring to specialists only when absolutely necessary.

TMJ and Related Dental Issues

TMD does not just cause discomfort—it can have long-term dental consequences if left untreated. Chronic clenching or grinding can:

• Wear down enamel
• Cause teeth to fracture or chip
• Lead to gum recession from excess pressure
• Increase the risk of tooth sensitivity
• Require restorative treatments like crowns or implants

By treating TMD early, Dr. Patton and Dr. Purser help protect your teeth and overall oral health.

Living Comfortably with TMJ Relief

TMD can be disruptive and painful, but with the right care, relief is within reach. At Parkway Dental, we help patients in St. George, UT, regain comfort and confidence in their daily lives. Whether you’re struggling with jaw pain, frequent headaches, or teeth grinding, Dr. Patton and Dr. Purser are here to provide effective, compassionate solutions.

Conclusion

If you’re experiencing symptoms of TMD, don’t wait for the problem to worsen. Schedule an evaluation at Parkway Dental to receive expert care and a customized treatment plan. Our goal is to help you eat, speak, and smile without discomfort—restoring harmony to both your jaw and your overall well-being.

Visit Parkway Dental at 1404 Sun River Pkwy #125, St. George, UT 84790, or call (435) 256-6167 to schedule your consultation and learn more about TMJ.